What is a taxiway used for on an airfield?

A taxiway is specifically designed as a paved surface that allows aircraft to move safely and efficiently between different areas of the airfield, such as between the runway and the terminal, hangars, or other facilities. This pathway is crucial for managing the flow of air traffic on the ground, ensuring that aircraft can taxi to and from runways without interference. Taxiways are typically marked and constructed to support the weight of aircraft and are equipped with appropriate signage and lighting to guide pilots during ground movements.

The other options do not accurately describe the function of a taxiway. For instance, a paved surface for landing and takeoff refers to runways, which serve a different purpose altogether. Similarly, emergency landing spaces are typically specifically designated areas on the airfield and are not associated with the designated routes for aircraft movement, which are the taxiways. The mention of a parking area for aircraft during extreme weather is more related to designated parking spaces or hangars rather than taxiways, which are meant for movement rather than parking.